Background and objective: Growth of beneficial probiotics is attributed to their tolerance to stress factors while most probiotics have a relatively short and unstable shelf life. Bacillus coagulans, an economically important spore-forming species, is becoming increasingly remarkable in field of probiotics for the decrease of harmful effects of processing and environment conditions on the survival of bacterial cells and to assure their functionality in the human body. The aim of this review was to explore scientific research on therapeutic, functional and biosafety properties of Bacillus coagulans as a novel probiotic. Results and conclusion: Many scientific literatures have been published on the use of health promoting Bacillus spores in foods. Bacillus coagulans mostly includes several health benefits of non-spore forming probiotics and is able to tolerate heat and stressful requirements of food processing as well as gastrointestinal tract conditions. Considering specific characteristics of spore-forming probiotics, Bacillus coagulans demonstrates a promising potential in production of probiotic foods.

Dear Editor, Live microorganisms called probiotics have beneficial effects on the host's health (1). Probiotic Bacillus coagulan has received more attention than others. Hammer first isolated it from contaminated canned milk in 1915 (2). In research, this probiotic has demonstrated unique properties and benefits. 1.Resistance: This probiotic is very resistant to techniques for food preparation, like boiling and cooking, so it is a good choice for use in food companies (3). Also, this probiotic was found to not adversely affect the nutritional and sensory properties of the product (4). 2.Genome: One of the essential advantages of this type of probiotic is that it is almost impossible to transmit antibiotic resistance genes to the next generation, and they can recover the genes if at risk (5). 3. Microbiota: Many diseases are associated with an imbalance in the Microbiota, so balance helps maintain health and treat disease (6). Probiotics have been shown by many studies to be essential in maintaining human immunological homeostasis. It also received much attention in this field because of its strong regulatory effect on the host microbiota and immune response, with little concern for harm or risk from ingestion (7). 4. reactive oxygen species(ROS): This Probiotic, through different methods, can increase human immunity, including the ability to produce a variety of active radicals (8). 5. Immunity and Inflammation: Ingestion of Bacillus coagulans can markedly regulate inflammatory immune factors such as interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) without altering natural cytokines. This probiotic can produce immune-activating cytokines, anti-inflammatory, chemokines, and growth factors (7). 6. PH: Various research shows that probiotics positively affect natural flora, but they are highly sensitive to acidic environments, while some probiotic species have high resistance in these conditions (9, 10). And even with a decreased pH, it can make the environment unfavorable for other microorganisms (11). Finally, due to the extensive and beneficial effects of this probiotic and its effect on the oxidative stress process, it seems that the use of its products can affect the prevention, improvement, treatment and rehabilitation of many chronic diseases. Also according to The significant effect of Bacillus coagulan on the host's immune system and according to some evidence supporting the various effects of this probiotic may be useful in the management and reduction of human diseases.

Background and Objectives: Secondary metabolites in the supernatants of probiotic microorganisms have shown antican-cer effects. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of Bacillus coagulans supernatants and their role in apoptosis induction in MCF7 cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The inhibition of MCF7 cancer cells by Bacillus coagulans supernatants was assessed by MTT assay at three exposure times of 24, 48, and 72 h. Apoptosis induction was explored by flow cytometry while the expression levels of bax, caspase 3, caspase 9, and bcl2 were examined by real-time PCR and compared with normal HFF cells. Results: Bacillus coagulans supernatants exhibited inhibitory effects on MCF7 cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner,while lower cytotoxic effects were observed in normal HFF cells. The increase in the expression of bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9 genes and the decrease in the anti-apoptotic gene of bcl2, along with the flow cytometry results, confirmed the induction of apoptosis in the cancer cells. Conclusion: Regarding the cytotoxic influence of Bacillus coagulans supernatants against breast cancer cells, this bacterium can be considered as a potential candidate for a novel therapeutic strategy with lower side effects which of course requires further investigations.

Parkinson's disease after Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease. It is the second most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorder. To create an animal model of Parkinson's disease, the black dense component of rats in 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) was unilaterally destroyed in a stereotactic device. After 3 weeks, in order to evaluate the degradation rate, intra-peritoneal rats were given apomorphine they received. The number of spins was counted for one hour after the injection. These rotations were the main parameter for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in rats. After a month, they received probiotic treatment for one month. After this, once again, the apomorphine test was performed and the result was compared with the previous series. In the Parkinson's group who received probiotics, the number of spins from apomorphine injected significantly decreased compared with the Parkinson's group receiving probiotics (p≤ 0. 001). In addition, Parkinson's group showed more rotation than the sham group. The results showed that, on the one hand, neurotoxin-6-hydroxy dopamine can cause Parkinson’ s formation in rats, with dopamine agonist injections rotate. Probiotics, on the other hand, can reduce the number of rotations and play a role in improving it. One of the main causes of Parkinson's disease is the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants. The use of probiotics increases the antioxidants and reduces free radicals. Many studies have shown the role of dopamine receptor agitation in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's. According to the results of this study, the probabilistic probability of Bacillus coagulance with increasing dopamine expression led to improvement of neurological disorders and treatment of Parkinson's disease in rats. The black body is the main source of dopamine secretion that plays an effective role in controlling voluntary movements and coordination in musculoskeletal conditions. Regarding the fact that in this study, 6 hydroxy-dopamine degrading regions of the brain reduced the concentration of dopamine and created Parkinson's. Probiotics may improve the disease through the concentration of dopamine in other centers of the central nervous system.

Introduction: Probiotics are microorganisms that if administered in adequate amounts would have beneficial effects on the host's health.Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic bacteria which sometimes mistakenly called Lactobacillus sporogenes. B. coagulans is a gram positive and facultative aerobic and anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase negative and endospore forming bacteria. The aim of this study is the rapid molecular detection ofB. coagulans in various probiotic products.Materials and Methods: PCR test was optimized by using B. coagulans standard strain.Limit of detection (LOD) and specificity of this test were investigated by using related species of DNA. Samples of probiotic products which contain B. coagulans were collected from the Iranian market and various methods of DNA extraction were optimized for these products.Results: Amplicon with the size of 450bp was amplified by PCR test and observed by electrophoresis method. In specificity test none were positive using DNA for intended organisms.B. coagulans species were identified in all the samples by PCR method.Conclusion: According to the results of this study B. coagulans was detected in all samples.It was concluded that PCR is a reliable and accurate method to identify these products that might contain B. coagulans probiotics bactria.

Effect of feeding Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis probiotics on growth performance and blood parameters in suckling Holstein calvesExtended abstractBackground and purpose: Gastrointestinal tract infections and subsequent diarrhea are the main reason of mortality of newborn calves. Diarrhea is the most common disease that occurs in cattle farms and causes death and serious economic losses to the livestock industry. Due to negative effects of antibiotics, including Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, many countries in the world have banned the use of these antibiotics in the animal industry since 1996. The use of probiotics is mostly seen as an alternative to antibiotics in animals, and many scientific works show the beneficial effects of supplements with probiotic strains in the diets of different farm animals. Probiotics have been shown to have positive effects on the whole body, including weight gain and immune function, and reducing the presence of pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotics Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis and their effect on the growth performance, health, and prevalence of diarrhea in suckling Holstein calves. . . . . . .Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 32 replications in two treatments. Calves were monitored for 28 days. Body weight was measured every week, and dry matter intake and health status were checked and measured every day. Blood samples were taken from the calves on the first, seventh, 14th, 21st, and 28th days, and the blood was kept at 4°C until reaching the laboratory, and then blood parameters were measured. fecal samples were taken for microbial culture on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days and were cultured in the laboratory.Findings: The results showed that probiotic supplementation does not affect weight, daily weight gain, skeletal growth, Feed Efficiency, and hematological parameters. However, feed intake and the number of Lactobacillus in feces increased significantly (P < 0.05). Additionally, probiotic supplementation reduced fecal score, diarrhea duration, and body temperature significantly (P<0.05).. . .Conclusion: Probiotic oral supplement improved the symptoms of diarrhea and the negative effects of diarrhea, and it also improved the performance of feed consumption and increased the beneficial bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract system in suckling calves. By preventing diarrhea, probiotic supplements can reduce the losses caused by calves dying and, as a result, make dairy farms more profitable.Keywords: calf health, diarrhea, prebiotic, probiotic, suckling calf